Guide to First-Time Home Buyer Grants

Buying your first home is exciting, but the costs can feel like a brick wall. Between a down payment, closing costs, and moving expenses, many first-time buyers feel priced out before they even start house hunting.

That’s where first-time home buyer grants come in. Unlike loans, grants don’t need to be repaid;  they’re essentially free money designed to help new buyers cover upfront expenses. Programs vary depending on where you live, but the impact is the same: they make homeownership possible sooner.

In this guide, we’ll break down what grants are, who qualifies, the most common programs in 2025, and how to apply.

What Are First-Time Home Buyer Grants?

A first-time home buyer grant is financial assistance that helps cover the cost of buying a home, usually for down payments or closing costs. The best part? You don’t have to pay it back, as long as you follow the program rules.

For example:

• Some grants require you to live in the home for at least 3–5 years.
• Others may only be available in specific counties or for homes under a certain price.

Think of it as a head start… money you don’t owe back, but only if you fit the program’s profile.

How to Qualify for a First-Time Home Buyer Grant

Meeting the basic eligibility rules for a first-time homebuyer grant is only half the battle. To improve your chances of getting approved:

1. Check your credit early. Most programs require a minimum score, often 620+. Pull your report and fix errors before applying.
2. Stay within income limits. If your income is close to the cap, avoid big raises or side hustle spikes that could disqualify you.
3. Take the homebuyer education course. Many programs won’t even review your application without it.
4. Work with an approved lender. Some grants only partner with specific lenders or mortgage brokers.
5. Apply early. Funding often runs out within months, especially in high-demand states like California and New York.

Federal First-Time Home Buyer Assistance

Most grant money comes from state and local agencies, but a few federal programs are worth knowing about:

• HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME): Provides funding to states for housing initiatives, including down payment assistance.
• Community Development Block Grants (CDBG): Cities use this funding to support affordable housing and sometimes offer direct buyer assistance.
• Good Neighbor Next Door: Teachers, firefighters, police officers, and EMTs can receive up to a 50% discount on homes in revitalization areas.

While these aren’t always direct cash handouts, they can significantly reduce the cost of buying.

State and Local Grant Programs in 2025

Every state has its own take on first-time buyer assistance. Here are a few real examples:

• California: The Dream For All program provides down payment assistance as a shared appreciation loan. Buyers repay only when they sell the home.
• Texas: The Homes for Texas Heroes program offers closing cost assistance for teachers, firefighters, and other essential workers.
• Florida: The Florida Assist program provides up to $10,000 toward down payment and closing costs.
• New York: The SONYMA Down Payment Assistance Loan (DPAL) offers up to $15,000, forgivable after 10 years of ownership.

Who Qualifies for First-Time Home Buyer Grants?

Requirements vary, but most programs look for:

• First-time buyers (or anyone who hasn’t owned a home in the past 3 years).
• Income limits based on your area’s median income.
• Primary residence purchases only. Not vacation homes or rentals.
• Minimum credit score (often around 620).
• Completion of a homebuyer education course.

For example, in Colorado, income caps range from $120,000–$150,000 depending on the county, while in Ohio, the limit can be closer to $100,000. Always check the fine print in your state.

How to Apply for a First-Time Homebuyer Grant

Applying for a first-time home buyer grant isn’t complicated, but it does require preparation:

1. Find a program. Start with your state housing finance agency’s website.
2. Get pre-approved. Many lenders partner with these programs and can help you apply.
3. Complete required classes. Online or in-person courses usually take 4–6 hours.
4. Submit documents. Be ready with pay stubs, tax returns, bank statements, and ID.

Pros and Cons of First-Time Home Buyer Grants

Alternatives if You Don’t Qualify for a First-Time Homebuyer Grant

Not everyone qualifies for a grant, and that’s okay. The good news is that there are a few other programs that can help and are definitely worth looking into:

• FHA loans: Require just 3.5% down.
• VA loans: Zero down for veterans and service members.
• USDA loans: Zero down for eligible rural buyers.
• Forgivable second mortgages: These function like loans but are wiped out if you stay in the home long enough.

Bottom Line

First-time home buyer grants can be the difference between renting another year (paying off someone else’s mortgage) and finally getting the keys to your own home. They’re not always easy to find, and competition can be high, but if you qualify, they offer one of the best ways to reduce upfront costs.

Even if you don’t land a grant, other programs like FHA or VA loans can help bridge the gap a bit. Our biggest advice is to research what’s available in your state and act quickly when funding opens.